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oyster mushroom substrate preparation

2025年6月13日
        (1) Fermented material cultivation:Fermentation looks simple but needs careful control. Always check the pile’s temperature and smell. Adjust the process based on weather and raw materials. Cottonseed hulls ferment for 5–7 days, and corncobs for 7–12 days. In cold weather, extend the time.

        The pile is about 1 meter high. Length and width depend on the site. Build the pile loosely. Flatten the surface slightly. Make several air holes (5–10 cm in diameter) 30 cm apart, reaching the bottom. This improves airflow, increases oxygen, and prevents anaerobic fermentation.

  • Moisturize the raw material fully. Dry parts may cause contamination in the bags.
  • Keep pile temperature at 50–65°C. Too high or too low is bad. If needed, turn the pile early to cool it. When the temperature stays above 60°C for 24 hours, turn the pile. Mix the top, bottom, inside, and outside layers well. The temperature will rise to 65°C. Keep it at 65°C for 2 hours, then turn the pile again. Repeat 3–5 times to finish fermentation.
  • Check the smell. Good substrate is loose, elastic, and odor-free. If it smells bad or moldy, fermentation failed. Do not use it.
    （2）Sterilized substrate cultivation:

       Weigh the substrate according to the formula. Fully moisten cottonseed hulls and corncobs. Evenly mix in crushed soybean meal, bran, and lime. Add water, then mix and stir well. The substrate moisture should be about 65%, with a natural pH.

       In southern China, high temperatures and humidity increase contamination risks. Atmospheric or high-pressure sterilization is necessary to control contamination and ensure high-quality, high-yield production.

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